Glossary
Controlled vocabulary
463 unique terms, drawn from the per-topic Glossary registries. Each entry links back to the topic (or topics) where it is defined.
A
- Absolute effect
The difference in outcome frequency or amount between groups expressed on an absolute scale.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Active control
An established treatment used as the comparison group.
Appears in: Trial design
- adipogenic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Adipose tissue
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Adult or tissue-specific stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- adult stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- adverse event
An unfavorable medical occurrence during a study, whether or not it is judged to be caused by the intervention.
An unfavorable medical occurrence during a study, whether or not it is caused by the treatment.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Allocation concealment
Protection of the upcoming treatment assignment from those enrolling participants before assignment occurs.
Keeping the upcoming treatment assignment hidden from people enrolling participants.
Protection of upcoming treatment assignments from those enrolling participants.
Keeping upcoming treatment assignments hidden from people enrolling participants.
Appears in: Trial design, Bias and transparency
- Allogeneic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Allogeneic transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Alloimmune
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Amnion
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Amniotic fluid
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Animal study
A study in a nonhuman animal used to examine biology, efficacy, safety, dose, route, or other translational questions.
Research in a nonhuman animal used to study biology, potential benefit, safety, dose, or route.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Apheresis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- apoptosis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Assay sensitivity
The ability of a trial to distinguish an effective treatment from a less effective or ineffective treatment.
Appears in: Trial design
- asymmetric division
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Attrition bias
Systematic distortion related to withdrawal, loss to follow-up, or missing outcomes.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Autologous
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Autologous transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Autophagy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
B
- basal lamina
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Benefit-risk balance
An integrated judgment comparing expected benefits with known and potential harms.
A judgment comparing expected benefits with known and possible harms.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Bias
A systematic process that can move an estimate away from the truth.
A systematic problem that can push a study result away from the truth.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Biodistribution
The location and movement of a product or its components within the body after administration.
Where a treatment or its components travel in the body after administration.
The location and movement of a product or its components within an organism after administration.
Appears in: The translational pathway, Preclinical evidence
- Biological aging
Progressive molecular, cellular, physiological, and functional change associated with increasing age.
Progressive changes in cells, tissues, organs, and body function associated with increasing age.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Biological-age clock
A statistical model estimating aspects of biological aging from molecular or physiological data.
A statistical estimate of aspects of biological aging based on molecular or physiological measurements.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Biomarker
A measured biological characteristic used as an indicator of a biological state, process, exposure, or response.
A measurable biological characteristic used to indicate a biological state, process, exposure, or response.
Appears in: Outcomes
- biomaterial
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- blastocyst
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- blastomere
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Blinding
Keeping investigators, assessors, or analysts unaware of group assignment when feasible to reduce bias.
Keeping investigators or assessors unaware of group assignment when possible to reduce bias.
Keeping one or more study groups unaware of treatment assignment to reduce bias.
Keeping one or more groups of people in a study unaware of which treatment was assigned.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence, Trial design
- Blood vessel
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Bone marrow
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Bone-marrow transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
C
- Case report
A detailed description of the clinical course of one patient.
A detailed description of what happened to one patient.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Case series
A descriptive report of multiple patients with a shared treatment, exposure, or clinical feature.
A descriptive report of several patients with a shared treatment or clinical feature.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Case-control study
An observational study comparing people with an outcome to people without it and examining prior exposures.
An observational study comparing people with an outcome to people without it and examining previous exposures.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- CD34
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell contact
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell culture
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cell cycle
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell division
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cell fate
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell identity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell line
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell signaling pathway
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell source
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cell therapy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cell-autonomous
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cellular hierarchy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cellular senescence
A state in which cells undergo durable cell-cycle arrest and may develop altered secretory activity.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Censoring
Treatment of follow-up information when the exact event time is not observed within the available data.
A statistical method used when the exact event time is not observed during available follow-up.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Center effect
A difference in outcomes associated with study site rather than the intervention itself.
A difference in outcomes related to study site rather than the treatment itself.
Appears in: Trial design
- Certainty of evidence
Confidence that an estimated effect is sufficiently close to the true effect for the decision being considered.
How confident we are that an estimated effect is close enough to the true effect to support a decision.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Chain of custody
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Chain of identity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- chimera
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- chondrogenic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Chorion
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Chromatin
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- chromatin accessibility
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- chronic inflammation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cleavage stage
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clinical benefit
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clinical effectiveness
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- clinical endpoint
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clinical evidence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clinical practice guideline
A systematically developed set of recommendations intended to support clinical decision-making.
A systematically developed set of recommendations intended to support clinical decisions.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Clinical-development stage
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clinical-trial registry
A public database containing structured records of clinical studies.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- clonal assay
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Clonal diversity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- clonal lineage tracing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- clonal selection
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- clone
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- clonogenicity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Co-intervention
Additional care or treatment that may influence an outcome apart from the assigned study intervention.
Additional care or treatment that may influence an outcome apart from the assigned study treatment.
Appears in: Trial design
- Cohort study
An observational study following groups defined by exposure or other characteristics to compare outcomes.
An observational study following groups over time to compare outcomes.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- collagen
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Colony
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- colony-forming unit
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Comorbidity
A health condition occurring in addition to the primary condition being studied.
A medical condition occurring in addition to the main condition being studied.
Appears in: Study populations
- Comparability
Evidence that a manufacturing change has not introduced clinically meaningful differences in product quality or performance.
Evidence that a manufacturing change has not created an important difference in product quality or performance.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Composite endpoint
A single endpoint formed by combining two or more component outcomes.
A single endpoint created by combining two or more component outcomes.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Conditioning regimen
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Confidence interval
A range of values used to express the estimate and its statistical precision under a specified method.
A range around an estimate that helps show its statistical precision and uncertainty.
A range of values expressing the estimate and its statistical precision under a specified method.
A range around an estimate that helps show its precision and uncertainty.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation, Evidence grading
- Conflict of interest
A secondary interest that could influence, or appear to influence, professional judgment.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Confounding
Distortion of an exposure-outcome relationship by another factor associated with both.
Distortion caused by another factor related to both the treatment or exposure and the outcome.
Distortion that occurs when another factor is related to both the treatment or exposure and the outcome.
Appears in: Bias and transparency, Evidence hierarchies
- Consistency
The degree to which findings are compatible across studies.
The degree to which findings agree across studies.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- contraindication
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Controlled trial
A trial comparing an intervention with a concurrent comparison group.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- cord blood
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Cord-blood transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cryopreservation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- crypt
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Culture conditions
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Culture-expanded
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Culture-related aging
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cytokine
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- cytoskeleton
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
D
- Data transparency
Availability of sufficient study methods, results, and supporting information to permit scrutiny and verification.
Making enough study methods, results, and supporting information available for meaningful scrutiny.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- daughter cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Decidua
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Dental pulp
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Detection bias
Systematic differences in how outcomes are measured or assessed.
Systematic differences in how outcomes are measured or judged.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- developmental potency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- developmental potential
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Developmental state
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- differentiation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- differentiation bias
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- differentiation potential
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- directed differentiation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Directness
The degree to which evidence directly matches the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes of the question being addressed.
How closely the evidence matches the patient population, treatment, comparison, and outcomes of the question being asked.
The degree to which evidence matches the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes of the clinical question.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies, Evidence grading
- Discovery
Early research identifying a biological target, mechanism, product, or therapeutic hypothesis.
Early research identifying a possible treatment, biological target, or mechanism.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Disease model
An experimental system designed to reproduce selected features of a human disease.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Disease severity
The degree or stage of illness present in a participant.
How advanced or serious an illness is.
Appears in: Study populations
- Disproven
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- DNA damage response
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- DNA methylation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- DNA replication fork
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Donor-age effect
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- dose
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
E
- ECM
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- ectoderm
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- ectopic growth
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Effect modification
A situation in which the effect of an intervention differs according to another characteristic or factor.
Appears in: Study populations
- Effect size
The magnitude of a difference, association, or treatment effect.
The size or magnitude of a difference or treatment effect.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Eligibility criteria
Rules defining who can and cannot participate in a study.
Appears in: Study populations
- embryo proper
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- embryoid body
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Embryonic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- embryonic stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- endoderm
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Endorsement
An expression of approval or support; registry inclusion does not constitute endorsement of a treatment.
An expression of approval or support; registry inclusion does not mean endorsement of a treatment.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- endothelial cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Endpoint
A prespecified outcome or event used to evaluate the effect of an intervention in a study.
A planned outcome or event used to evaluate what happened in a study.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Endpoint adjudication
Independent or standardized review used to determine whether study endpoints have occurred.
Independent or standardized review used to determine whether study outcomes occurred.
Independent or standardized review used to determine whether study endpoints occurred.
Independent or standardized review used to decide whether study outcomes occurred.
Appears in: Trial design, Bias and transparency
- engraftment
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- epigenetic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Epigenetic age
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Epigenetic clock
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Epigenetic drift
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- epigenetic memory
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- epigenetic state
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- epithelial stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- ESC
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Established therapy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Estimand
A precise description of the treatment effect that a trial intends to estimate.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Evidence grading
A structured process for judging confidence in a body of evidence and how strongly it supports a clinical conclusion.
A structured process for judging how much confidence to place in a body of evidence.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Evidence hierarchy
A framework organizing evidence types according to the questions they can answer and their typical susceptibility to bias.
A framework for organizing evidence types according to the questions they can answer and their usual risk of bias.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Ex vivo
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Exclusion criteria
Characteristics or circumstances that prevent study enrollment.
Appears in: Study populations
- experimental
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Exploratory endpoint
An outcome used primarily to generate hypotheses rather than support a confirmatory conclusion.
An outcome used mainly to generate hypotheses rather than support a confirmatory conclusion.
Appears in: Outcomes
- External validity
The degree to which study results are applicable to other populations, settings, or circumstances.
The degree to which study results apply to other populations, settings, or circumstances.
Appears in: Study populations
- extracellular matrix
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- extracellular vesicle
A membrane-bound particle released by cells that can carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
A membrane-bound particle released by cells that can carry proteins, lipids, and genetic material.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- extraembryonic tissue
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
F
- facultative stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- fibroblast
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- fibronectin
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- fibrosis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- flow cytometry
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Frailty
A clinical syndrome of reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors.
Reduced physiological reserve that makes a person more vulnerable to illness or other stress.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- functional assay
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Functional maturity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Functional outcome
A measure of what a person can do or how a body system performs.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Functional test
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
G
- gene expression
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Gene-modified cell therapy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- generalizability
The extent to which study findings apply beyond the enrolled participants and study setting.
How well study findings apply beyond the participants and setting that were actually studied.
Appears in: Study populations
- Genetic modification
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Genome editing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- genomic integrity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Genomic stability
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- genotype
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Germ layer
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- germline contribution
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Geroscience
The field studying whether targeting biological mechanisms of aging can delay multiple age-related diseases or functional decline.
Research examining whether biological mechanisms of aging can be targeted to delay disease or loss of function.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Graft failure
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Graft-versus-host disease
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Graft-versus-leukemia effect
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Graft-versus-tumor effect
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- growth factor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
H
- Haploidentical
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Hazard ratio
A relative measure comparing event rates over time between groups.
Appears in: Outcomes
- HCT/P
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Healthspan
The portion of life lived with preserved health, function, and independence.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- hematopoiesis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Hematopoietic progenitor cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Hematopoietic reconstitution
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- hematopoietic stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- heterochronic parabiosis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Heterogeneity
Variation in study characteristics or effect estimates across studies.
Important differences among studies or their results.
Important variation in study characteristics or results.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies, Evidence grading
- HIF-1alpha
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Histocompatibility
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- HLA
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- homeostasis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- homing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Homologous use
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- HSC
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- hypoxia
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
I
- Imaging endpoint
An outcome measured using an imaging method such as MRI, CT, ultrasound, PET, or radiography.
An outcome measured with an imaging test such as MRI, CT, ultrasound, PET, or X-ray.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Immune compatibility
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Immune reconstitution
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- immunodeficient
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- immunophenotype
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- in vitro
Outside an intact living organism, commonly in cultured cells, tissues, or biochemical systems.
Outside an intact living organism, usually in cultured cells, tissues, or laboratory systems.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- in vivo
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Inclusion criteria
Characteristics that a person must have to enter a study.
Characteristics a person must have to enter a study.
Appears in: Study populations
- IND
Abbreviation for Investigational New Drug application.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Indication
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Indirectness
The degree to which evidence requires extrapolation from a different population, intervention, comparator, outcome, or setting.
The amount of extrapolation required from a different population, treatment, comparison, outcome, or setting.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- induced pluripotent stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- inflammatory signaling
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- inner cell mass
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- integrin
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Intention-to-treat analysis
Analysis of participants according to the groups to which they were originally randomized.
Analysis that generally keeps participants in the groups to which they were originally randomized.
Appears in: Trial design, Statistical interpretation
- Interaction test
A statistical test assessing whether treatment effects differ between subgroups.
A statistical test used to assess whether treatment effects differ between subgroups.
Appears in: Study populations, Statistical interpretation
- interferon
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- investigational
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Investigational New Drug application
A U.S. regulatory submission, commonly abbreviated IND, used when applicable to permit clinical investigation of an investigational drug or biologic.
A U.S. regulatory submission, commonly abbreviated IND, used when applicable for clinical investigation of an investigational drug or biologic.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- iPSC
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- ischemia
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- ISCT
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
L
- laminin
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Lgr5
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Lineage balance
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage bias
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage commitment
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage hierarchy
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage specification
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lineage tracing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Longevity
Length of survival or life; it is distinct from quality of life or healthspan.
Length of life or survival; it is different from healthspan.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Lot-to-lot consistency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lymphoid
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- lymphoid progenitor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
M
- Magnitude of effect
The size of an observed benefit, harm, difference, or association.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Manufacturing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Manufacturing quality
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Marker
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- matrix stiffness
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- mature cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Mechanical forces
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- mechanotransduction
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- mesenchymal stromal cell
A culture-expanded stromal-cell population whose biological properties depend on source and manufacturing process.
A laboratory-expanded stromal cell population whose properties depend on tissue source and manufacturing.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- mesoderm
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Meta-analysis
A statistical method for combining effect estimates from multiple studies.
A statistical method used to combine effect estimates from multiple studies.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- microenvironment
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Minimal clinically important difference
A threshold intended to represent the smallest change considered meaningful in a particular clinical context.
The smallest change considered meaningful in a particular clinical context.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Minimal manipulation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Missing data
Planned study information that is unavailable for some participants or measurements.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Mitochondrion
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Mobilization
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- mobilized peripheral blood
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Model validity
The degree to which an experimental model appropriately represents the biological or clinical question it is intended to address.
How appropriately an experimental model represents the biological or clinical question being studied.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Molecular profile
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- molecular profiling
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- morula
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- MSC
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Multicenter trial
A clinical trial conducted at more than one study site.
Appears in: Trial design
- Multimorbidity
The coexistence of multiple chronic diseases or health conditions in one person.
The coexistence of multiple chronic health conditions in one person.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Multiple comparisons
Testing many statistical questions, which increases the chance of an apparently positive result occurring by chance.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Multiplicity
The statistical problem created by testing multiple hypotheses, endpoints, doses, time points, or subgroups.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- multipotency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- multipotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- multipotent stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- muscle satellite cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- myeloid
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- myeloid progenitor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- myogenic progenitor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
N
- NCT number
The identifier assigned to a study record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- neural progenitor cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- neural stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- neurosphere
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Neutrophil recovery
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- niche aging
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Noninferiority trial
A trial designed to determine whether an intervention is not unacceptably worse than an active comparator by a prespecified margin.
A trial designed to determine whether a treatment is not unacceptably worse than an established comparator.
Appears in: Trial design
- Null hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis commonly representing no difference or no association.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- nullipotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
O
- Observational study
A study in which treatments or exposures are observed without random assignment.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Off-target cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- oligopotency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Oligopotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- oligopotent progenitor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- organoid
A three-dimensional cellular model designed to reproduce selected structural or functional features of a tissue or organ.
A three-dimensional cellular model designed to reproduce selected features of a tissue or organ.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- osteogenic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Overall survival
Time from a defined starting point until death from any cause.
Appears in: Outcomes
- oxidative stress
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- oxygen tension
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
P
- P value
A probability calculated under a statistical model that quantifies how incompatible the observed data are with a specified null hypothesis.
A probability calculated under a statistical model that describes how incompatible the observed data are with a specified null hypothesis.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Parabiosis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- paracrine signaling
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Partial reprogramming
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Participant flow
A description of how participants progressed through study enrollment, assignment, follow-up, and analysis.
A description of how participants moved through enrollment, treatment assignment, follow-up, and analysis.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Passage
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Passage number
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Patient-important outcome
An outcome that directly reflects how a patient feels, functions, survives, or experiences health and treatment.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Patient-reported outcome
A health measure reported directly by the patient without interpretation by a clinician.
A health measure reported directly by the patient.
A health outcome reported directly by the patient without interpretation by a clinician or observer.
A health outcome reported directly by the patient.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging, Outcomes
- Pax7
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Per-protocol analysis
Analysis focused on participants who sufficiently followed the study protocol according to prespecified criteria.
Analysis focused on participants who sufficiently followed the study protocol according to prespecified rules.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Performance bias
Systematic differences in care, behavior, or co-interventions related to knowledge of treatment assignment.
Systematic differences in care or behavior related to knowledge of treatment assignment.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Peripheral blood
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Perivascular
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- perivascular cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Pharmacovigilance
Activities used to detect, assess, understand, and prevent adverse effects or other medicine-related problems.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Phase 1
An early human clinical-trial stage focused principally on safety, tolerability, feasibility, and dose-related information.
An early human trial stage focused mainly on initial safety, tolerability, feasibility, and dose information.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Phase 2
A clinical-trial stage commonly used to refine dose, population, endpoints, and preliminary efficacy.
A clinical-trial stage used to refine dose, patient selection, endpoints, and preliminary evidence of benefit.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Phase 3
A larger confirmatory clinical-trial stage intended to provide evidence on efficacy and safety for the proposed use.
A larger confirmatory trial stage designed to provide stronger evidence about benefits and harms.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- phenotype
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Placebo
An inactive or comparator intervention designed to resemble the investigational treatment without its proposed active component.
A comparison treatment designed to resemble the study treatment without its proposed active component.
Appears in: Trial design
- Placenta
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- plastic adherence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- plasticity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Platelet recovery
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- pluripotency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- pluripotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- pluripotent stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- pluripotent stem-cell line
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Polypharmacy
Use of multiple medications, commonly relevant to interaction and safety risk.
Use of multiple medications.
Appears in: Study populations
- Pooled estimate
A combined effect estimate calculated from multiple studies.
A combined effect estimate calculated from several studies.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Population doubling
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Postmarketing surveillance
Safety and effectiveness monitoring after a product enters broader authorized clinical use.
Monitoring safety and effectiveness after a product enters broader authorized use.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- potency
A measure of biological activity related to a product's intended effect.
A measure of a product's biological activity related to its intended effect.
Appears in: The translational pathway, Preclinical evidence
- potency assay
A test intended to measure a product attribute related to its biological activity.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Potency test
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Precision
The degree of statistical certainty around an effect estimate, commonly reflected by the width of a confidence interval.
How much statistical uncertainty surrounds an effect estimate.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Preclinical evidence
Experimental evidence generated before or alongside clinical testing to characterize biology, product activity, dose, safety, or translational plausibility.
Research used to study biology, product activity, dose, safety, or plausibility before or alongside human trials.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Primary endpoint
The main prespecified outcome used to address the principal study question.
The main planned outcome used to answer the principal study question.
The main prespecified outcome used to answer the principal study question.
The main planned outcome used to answer the study's principal question.
Appears in: Outcomes, Reading trial registries
- Product
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- product characterization
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- product comparability
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Professional guideline
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- progenitor cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Proof of concept
Evidence that a proposed intervention can produce its intended effect under defined conditions.
Evidence that an idea can produce the intended effect under defined experimental conditions.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Prospective registration
Public registration of a clinical study before or near the start of participant enrollment.
Public registration of a clinical study before or near the start of enrollment.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- proteoglycan
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Protocol
The document describing the objectives, design, methods, statistical considerations, and organization of a clinical study.
The document describing how a clinical study is designed and conducted.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Protocol deviation
A departure from the procedures or requirements specified in the study protocol.
A departure from procedures or requirements specified in the study protocol.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Publication bias
Distortion of the evidence base when studies with favorable or statistically significant results are more likely to be published.
Distortion that occurs when favorable studies are more likely to be published than unfavorable or neutral studies.
Distortion caused when the likelihood or timing of publication depends on study results.
Distortion that occurs when the likelihood of publication depends on the study results.
Distortion that occurs when publication depends on whether results are positive, negative, or inconclusive.
Distortion caused when study availability or publication depends on the direction or significance of results.
Distortion that occurs when study availability depends on whether results are favorable, unfavorable, or inconclusive.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence, Bias and transparency, Evidence hierarchies, Evidence grading
- purity
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
Q
- Quality of life
A broad measure of physical, psychological, social, or role-related well-being.
A broad measure of physical, emotional, social, or day-to-day well-being.
Appears in: Outcomes
- quiescence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
R
- Random error
Variation arising by chance that contributes to statistical uncertainty.
Variation caused by chance that contributes to uncertainty in a result.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Randomization
Assignment by chance to experimental conditions to reduce systematic differences between groups.
Assignment by chance to experimental groups to reduce systematic differences.
Assignment of participants to study groups by a chance process.
Assignment of participants to study groups by chance.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence, Trial design
- Randomized controlled trial
A controlled trial in which participants are assigned to treatment strategies by chance.
A controlled trial in which participants are assigned to treatment groups by chance.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
- Reactive oxygen species
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Real-world data
Health-related data collected outside traditional randomized clinical trials, including records, claims, registries, or routine care data.
Health information collected during routine care or from registries, records, or claims.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- Real-world evidence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Recruitment status
A registry field describing whether and how a study is currently enrolling or active.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Redox state
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Refractory disease
Disease that has not responded adequately to prior treatment.
Disease that has not responded adequately to previous treatment.
Appears in: Study populations
- Regenerative medicine
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Registration number
A unique identifier assigned to a study record by a registry.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Regulatory authorization
Formal permission by a regulatory authority for a defined product and use under the applicable legal framework.
Formal permission by a regulatory authority for a defined product and use under applicable law.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Regulatory review
Formal evaluation by a regulatory authority of the evidence supporting a specific product and proposed use.
Formal evaluation by a regulatory authority of evidence for a specific product and proposed use.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- regulatory status
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Relative effect
The proportional difference between groups, such as a risk ratio or hazard ratio.
The proportional difference between groups.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Release specification
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- release testing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Replication
Repeating an experiment or study to test whether the original finding can be obtained again.
Repeating an experiment or study to test whether the original result can be obtained again.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Replication stress
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Replicative lifespan
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Replicative senescence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- repopulation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Representative enrollment
Enrollment that adequately reflects important characteristics of the population expected to use the intervention.
Enrollment that adequately reflects important characteristics of the population expected to use the treatment.
Appears in: Study populations
- Reproducibility
The ability to obtain a finding again when a study or analysis is repeated.
The ability to obtain a scientific finding again when a study is repeated.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- reprogramming
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- reserve population
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Residual undifferentiated cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- residual undifferentiated cells
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Results posting
Public submission of structured study results to a trial registry.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Risk of bias
The possibility that flaws in study design, conduct, analysis, or reporting systematically distort the result.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies, Evidence grading
- Risk-benefit balance
An integrated judgment comparing expected benefits with known and potential harms in a defined context.
A judgment comparing expected benefits with known and possible harms in a particular clinical situation.
Appears in: Evidence grading
- Route
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- route of administration
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
S
- Safety endpoint
An outcome used to measure adverse effects, complications, or other harms.
An outcome used to measure side effects, complications, or other harms.
Appears in: Outcomes
- Sample size
The number of participants or observations included in a study.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Sarcopenia
A progressive skeletal-muscle disorder characterized principally by low muscle strength with confirmatory evidence of reduced muscle quantity or quality.
A progressive muscle disorder characterized mainly by low muscle strength with reduced muscle quantity or quality.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- scaffold
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Secondary endpoint
A prespecified additional outcome used to evaluate other important effects.
A planned additional outcome used to evaluate other important effects.
An additional planned outcome used to evaluate other effects.
Appears in: Outcomes, Reading trial registries
- secretory profile
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Selection bias
Systematic distortion related to how participants enter a study or are assigned to comparison groups.
Systematic distortion related to who enters a study or how participants are assigned to groups.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Selective reporting
Reporting outcomes or analyses according to the nature or direction of the results.
Choosing which outcomes or analyses to emphasize according to the results.
Appears in: Bias and transparency, Reading trial registries
- self-renewal
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- senescence
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- senescent cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Sensitivity analysis
An analysis testing whether conclusions remain similar under different reasonable assumptions or methods.
An analysis testing whether the conclusion remains similar under different reasonable assumptions or methods.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- serial transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Sham procedure
A procedure designed to mimic aspects of an invasive intervention without delivering its proposed therapeutic component.
A procedure that imitates important parts of an invasive treatment without delivering its proposed therapeutic component.
Appears in: Trial design
- Shear
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- shear stress
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Short Physical Performance Battery
A composite physical-performance test using standing balance, gait speed, and chair-rise tasks.
Tests measuring standing balance, walking speed, and chair-rise performance.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- Six-minute walk test
A standardized measure of submaximal functional exercise capacity.
A standardized test measuring how far a person can walk in six minutes.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- somatic cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- spermatogonial stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Sponsor
The person, organization, or entity responsible for initiating or overseeing a clinical study under the applicable framework.
The organization or entity responsible for initiating or overseeing a clinical study under the applicable rules.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Sponsorship bias
Systematic influence associated with the interests of a study funder or sponsor.
Possible systematic influence associated with the interests of a study funder or sponsor.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Standardized manufacturing
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Statistical analysis plan
A document prespecifying statistical methods and analyses before outcome results are examined.
A document describing planned statistical methods and analyses before results are examined.
Appears in: Bias and transparency
- Statistical power
The probability of detecting a specified effect when it truly exists under the assumptions used for study planning.
A study's probability of detecting a specified effect when it truly exists under the assumptions used for planning.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Statistical significance
Evidence, under a specified statistical model, that an observed result would be unlikely under the null hypothesis at the chosen significance level.
A statistical result indicating that an observed difference is unlikely under the specified null hypothesis and threshold.
A statistical designation based on a prespecified threshold; it does not by itself establish clinical importance.
Appears in: Outcomes, Statistical interpretation
- stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Stem-cell aging
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Stem-cell exhaustion
Age-associated reduction in the number or function of tissue stem or progenitor cells.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging
- stem-cell niche
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Stem-cell pool
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Sterility
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Stromal cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Stromal vascular fraction
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Study phase
A developmental stage used for certain interventional studies, commonly Phase 1 through Phase 4.
A developmental stage used for certain clinical trials, commonly Phase 1 through Phase 4.
Appears in: Reading trial registries
- Study population
The group of participants enrolled in a clinical study.
The group of people enrolled in a clinical study.
Appears in: Study populations
- Subgroup analysis
Analysis examining treatment effects within defined subsets of study participants.
Analysis examining results within a defined subset of study participants.
Appears in: Study populations, Statistical interpretation
- Superiority trial
A trial designed to determine whether one intervention is better than another by a prespecified criterion.
A trial designed to determine whether one treatment is better than another by a prespecified criterion.
Appears in: Trial design
- surface marker
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- surrogate endpoint
A substitute measure intended to predict a clinically meaningful outcome; validation is required before it can replace that outcome.
A substitute measurement intended to predict a meaningful health outcome.
A substitute endpoint intended to predict a clinically meaningful outcome.
A substitute measure intended to predict a clinically meaningful outcome.
Appears in: Longevity and anti-aging, Outcomes
- symmetric division
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Syngeneic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Systematic review
A review using explicit reproducible methods to identify, appraise, and synthesize eligible evidence for a defined question.
A review using planned, reproducible methods to find, evaluate, and summarize eligible evidence.
Appears in: Evidence hierarchies
T
- Target engagement
Evidence that an intervention interacts with or affects its intended biological target or pathway.
Evidence that a treatment affects the biological target or pathway it was intended to affect.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Telomerase
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Telomere
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- teratoma assay
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Time-to-event outcome
An outcome measuring the time until a specified event occurs.
An outcome measuring how long it takes before a specified event occurs.
Appears in: Outcomes
- tissue engineering
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- tissue homeostasis
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- tissue-specific stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Total nucleated cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- totipotency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- totipotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Toxicology
The study of harmful effects, exposure, dose relationships, and safety risks.
Research focused on possible harmful effects and safety risks.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- transcription factor
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Transdifferentiation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Translation failure
Failure of a promising preclinical finding to produce the expected clinical benefit or acceptable safety in humans.
Failure of a promising preclinical finding to produce the expected clinical benefit or acceptable safety in people.
Appears in: Preclinical evidence
- Translational pathway
The sequence through which scientific findings are developed and tested toward potential clinical use.
The sequence through which a scientific idea is developed and tested toward possible clinical use.
Appears in: The translational pathway
- translational relevance
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Transplantation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Treatment-naive
Not previously treated with the therapy or treatment class relevant to the study question.
Not previously treated with the therapy or treatment type relevant to the study.
Appears in: Study populations
- tri-lineage differentiation
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- trophectoderm
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Type I error
Rejecting a true null hypothesis; commonly described as a false-positive statistical conclusion.
A false-positive statistical conclusion in which a true null hypothesis is rejected.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
- Type II error
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis; commonly described as a false-negative statistical conclusion for the targeted effect.
A false-negative statistical conclusion in which a false null hypothesis is not rejected for the targeted effect.
Appears in: Statistical interpretation
U
- Umbilical-cord blood
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Umbilical-cord tissue
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- undifferentiated state
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- unipotency
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- unipotent
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- unipotent stem cell
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Unproven
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Unsupported
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
V
- vascular niche
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- viability
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- Viable dose
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
W
- Wharton's jelly
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
X
- Xenogeneic
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
- xenograft
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.
Z
- zygote
Candidate glossary term; definition published alongside the first topic that uses it.