Category 7

Mechanisms of Action

8 topics planned. Each topic is published as a Professional and Patient edition only after explicit author approval.

7.1Cell replacement versus signaling
Approved
1. · Direct engraftment
2. · Differentiation
3. · Paracrine effects
4. · Immune-mediated effects
5. · Matrix remodeling
7.2Immunomodulation
Approved
1. · Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling
2. · T-cell regulation
3. · Macrophage phenotype
4. · Dendritic-cell modulation
5. · Natural-killer-cell effects
6. · Complement interactions
7.3Tissue protection
Approved
1. · Antiapoptotic signaling
2. · Oxidative-stress reduction
3. · Mitochondrial effects
4. · Autophagy
5. · Cytoprotection
6. · Metabolic support
7.4Angiogenesis
Approved
1. · Endothelial-cell activation
2. · Vascular growth factors
3. · Pericyte interactions
4. · Vessel maturation
5. · Pathological angiogenesis risks
7.5Fibrosis and remodeling
Approved
1. · Fibroblast activity
2. · Myofibroblast differentiation
3. · Collagen deposition
4. · Matrix metalloproteinases
5. · Scar remodeling
6. · Organ-specific fibrosis
7.6Mitochondrial transfer
Approved
1. · Tunneling nanotubes
2. · EV-associated transfer
3. · Functional consequences
4. · Evidence limitations
7.7Apoptotic-cell mechanisms
Approved
1. · MSC apoptosis after infusion
2. · Efferocytosis
3. · Macrophage reprogramming
4. · Implications for short cell persistence
7.8Mechanism-of-action uncertainty
Approved
1. · Product-specific mechanisms
2. · Disease-specific mechanisms
3. · Dose dependence
4. · Timing
5. · Patient heterogeneity
6. · Why biological plausibility is not clinical proof